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The heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) are a group of 38 developing countries with high levels of poverty and debt overhang which are eligible for special assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. == HIPC Initiative== The HIPC Initiative was initiated by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in 1996, following extensive lobbying by NGOs and other bodies. It provides debt relief and low-interest loans to cancel or reduce external debt repayments to sustainable levels, meaning they can repay debts in a timely fashion in the future.〔"Developing Countries: Status Of The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Debt Relief Initiative: NSIAD-98-229." ''GAO Reports'' (1998): 1. ''MasterFILE Premier''. Web. 10 Sept. 2015. 〕 To be considered for the initiative, countries must face an unsustainable debt burden which cannot be managed with traditional means.〔 Assistance is conditional on the national governments of these countries meeting a range of economic management and performance targets and undertaking economic and social reforms.〔 As of January 2012, the HIPC Initiative had identified 39 countries (33 of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa) as being potentially eligible to receive debt relief.〔("Heavily Indebted Poor Countries," ) World Bank, January 24, 2012. Accessed: April 17, 2013.〕 The 36 countries that have so far received full or partial debt relief are:〔(Factsheet: Debt Relief Under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative ) - The IMF - accessed January 13, 2010〕 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( *) indicates the four countries yet to reach completion point for the HIPC program, and therefore entitled only to partial debt relief. The remaining 32 countries have completed the program and had their external debt cancelled in full.〔〔"Liberia Qualifies for Complete Debt Relief under HIPC Initiative" http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/LIBERIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22632654~menuPK:356213~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:356194,00.html〕 An additional three countries (Eritrea, Somalia and Sudan) are being considered for entry into the program. To receive debt relief under HIPC, a country must first meet HIPC's threshold requirements. At HIPC's inception in 1996, the primary threshold requirement was that the country's debt remains at unsustainable levels despite full application of traditional, bilateral debt relief. At the time, HIPC considered debt unsustainable when the ratio of debt-to-exports exceeded 200-250% or when the ratio of debt-to-government revenues exceeded 280%.〔(E. Carrasco, C. McClellan, & J. Ro (2007), "Foreign Debt: Forgiveness and Repudiation" University of Iowa Center for International Finance and Development E-Book )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heavily indebted poor countries」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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